Scientists believe that depression and bipolar disorder are caused by an imbalance of brain chemicals, called neurotransmitters. Medications used to treat these illnesses work to change brain chemistry and correct this imbalance.
In the 1930s, researchers discovered that applying a small amount of electrical current to the brain caused small mild seizures that changed brain chemistry. Over the years, much has been done to make this form of treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), milder and easier for patients to tolerate. ECT is used to treat about 100,000 patients with depression each year. It is very effective in treating severe depression. However, there can be side effects such as confusion and memory loss. The procedure must be performed in a hospital with general anesthesia.
This concept of altering brain function and chemistry with outside stimulation led to the development of several new treatments. They are now being tested to determine their safety and effectiveness in treating depression.
Deression and Bipolar Support Alliance
